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Species dysphoria
Species dysphoria is the experience of dysphoria, sometimes including dysmorphia (excessive concern over one's body image), associated with the feeling that one's body is of the wrong species.〔Lupa, p. 39〕 Earls and Lalumière (2009) describe it as "the sense of being in the wrong (species) body... a desire to be an animal".〔Earls and Lalumière, p. 3〕 Outside of psychological literature, the term is common within the otherkin and therian communities.〔Lupa, 2007〕 The phenomenon is sometimes experienced in the context of sexual arousal to the image of one's self as an animal.〔Lawrence, A. A. (2009). Erotic Target Location Errors: An Underappreciated Paraphilic Dimension. ''the Journal of Sex Research, 46,'' 194-215.〕
==Definition and symptoms==
"Species dysphoria" is informally used mainly in psychological literature to compare the experiences of some individuals to those in the transgender community.〔Bryant, p. 21〕 Otherkin and therian communities have also used it to describe their experiences.
In a 2008 study by Gerbasi ''et al.'', 46% of people surveyed who identified as being in the furry fandom, (usually defined as a person with a strong connection with some sort of animal), answered "yes" to the question "Do you consider yourself to be less than 100% human?" and 41% answered "yes" to the question "If you could become 0% human, would you?"〔Gerbasi ''et al.'', p. 17〕 Questions that Gerbasi states as being deliberately designed to draw parallels with gender dysphoria, specifying "a persistent feeling of discomfort" about the human body and the feeling that the person was the "non-human species trapped in a human body", were answered "yes" by 24% and 29% of respondents, respectively.
As described by those who experience it, species dysphoria may include sensations of supernumerary phantom limbs associated with the species, such as phantom wings or claws.〔Lupa, p. 41-42〕 Species dysphoria involves feelings of being an animal or other creatures "trapped in" a human body and so, is considered different from the traditional definition of clinical lycanthropy, in which the patient believes they have actually been transformed into an animal or have the ability to physically shapeshift. However, some cases that have been labeled as "clinical lycanthropy" actually seem to be cases of species dysphoria, involving persons who have no delusion of transformation but instead have feelings of being in some way a non-human animal, while still acknowledging they possess a human form. Keck ''et al.'' propose a redefinition for clinical lycanthropy that covers species dysphoric behaviours observed in several patients, including verbal reports, "during intervals of lucidity or retrospectively, that he or she was a particular animal" and behaving "in the manner of a particular animal, i.e. howling, growling, crawling on all fours". Keck ''et al.'' describe one patient as a depressed individual who "had always suspected he was a cat" and "laments his lack of fur, stripes and a tail". Except for the persistent feeling of being feline, the patient's "thought processes and perception" were "usually logical".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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